#BLINKK SUICIDE XXX FULL#
As the authors point out, however, their results are based solely on history of inpatient admission and therefore would have greatly underestimated the full contribution of psychiatric disorders. Their data suggest that this is an even greater risk in females. Greater suicidal intent, aggression, knowledge regarding violent means and less concern about bodily disfigurement, are all likely explanations for the excess of violent suicide in males.Īs the findings of Qin et al indicate, mental illness is the predominant factor found in suicides of both genders. It is well recognised that males tend to use violent means of both suicide and DSH more often than do females. Reference Paykel, Myers and LindenthalPaykel et al, 1974). It is interesting that in community samples, suicidal ideation is reported far more often by females than males (e.g. In males, DSH is more often associated with greater suicidal intent. In females, the appeal function of DSH, whereby DSH is used to communicate distress or to modify the behaviour and reactions of other people, seems more common.
#BLINKK SUICIDE XXX PLUS#
The excess rate of DSH in females, plus the stronger association between DSH and suicide in males ( Reference Hawton and FaggHawton & Fagg, 1988 Reference Hawton, Arensman and WassermanHawton et al, 1998), suggest that acts of DSH by females are more often based on non-suicidal motivation. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE NATURE OF SUICIDAL ACTS In the UK this trend has been particularly marked in young males ( Reference Hawton, Fagg and SimkinHawton et al, 1997). There has, however, been an increase in rates of DSH in males in some countries. The World Health Organization/EURO Multicentre Study of Suicidal Behaviour has demonstrated this pattern throughout countries in Europe, with findings from Helsinki indicating that Finland may be one exception ( Reference Schmidtke, Bille Brahe and De LeoSchmidtke et al, 1996). In contrast to suicides, rates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) are usually higher in females than males. Social factors, especially linked to changes in gender roles, seem the most likely explanation ( Reference HawtonHawton, 1998). It suggests that causal factors and, possibly, protective factors have changed in different directions in the two genders. This pattern is especially marked in the UK ( Reference HawtonHawton, 1992), with an overall rise in male rates and a decrease in female rates ( Reference Kelly and BuntingKelly & Bunting, 1998). In contrast, suicide rates of females have declined, especially in older women, or remained fairly stable, particularly in the young. In recent years, several countries have experienced an increase in suicide rates in males, particularly in the younger age groups ( Reference Cantor, Hawton and Van HeeringenCantor, 2000). China is one important exception, with very high rates in females, especially young women in rural areas ( Reference Cheng, Lee, Hawton and Van HeeringenCheng & Lee, 2000). Rates of suicide in most countries, including Denmark, are higher in males than in females.
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